so-for-humanity

1.1. 2007: A different flood 14
1.2. Main goal 14
1.3. From JCDS to Master Plan 15
2. THE MASTER PLAN 17
2.1. Purpose of this Master Plan 18
2.2. Scope 18
2.3. Composition of this report 19
3. NATIONAL CAPITAL UNDER THREAT 21
3.1. Floods: the motive for this Master Plan 23
3.2. Urban challenges 25
4. INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS 29
4.1. Mission 31
4.2. Approach 31
4.3. Short term no regret measures 31
4.4. Principal long term solutions 35
4.5. Spatial Alternatives 38
5. SAFE AND PROSPEROUS UNDER THE WINGS OF THE GREAT GARUDA 43
5.1. Sea Dike alignment 45
5.2. Concept for spatial development: The Great Garuda 47
5.3. Urban design 49
5.4. Relations with the current coastal zone 536. BUSINESS CASE6. BUSINESS CASES 55

6.1. Introduction 57
6.2. A feasible plan 57
6.3. Key factors 58
6.4. Nominal costs and revenues of main components 59
6.5. Results 62
6.6. Economic effects 63
6.7. Risk profile 63
7. THE PLAN PER THEME 67
7.1. Flood safety 69
7.2. Social aspects 73
7.3. Land reclamation 75
7.4. Business and residential 77
7.5. Mainports 81
7.6. Mobility and infrastructure 82
7.7. Water Management 85
7.8. Recreation and green-space 87
7.9. Environmental impacts 91
8. THE PLAN PER AREA 95
8.1. Phase A: Dikes- an opportunity for coastal revitalisation 97
8.2. Phase B: The Great Garuda 99
8.3. Phase C 107
9. TRANSFORMING THE COASTAL ZONE [THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY] 109
9.1. Phasing 111
9.2. Implementation strategy 111
Dr6.1. Introduction 57
6.2. A feasible plan 57
6.3. Key factors 58
6.4. Nominal costs and revenues of main components 59
6.5. Results 62
6.6. Economic effects 63
6.7. Risk profile 63
7. THE PLAN PER THEME 67
7.1. Flood safety 69
7.2. Social aspects 73
7.3. Land reclamation 75
7.4. Business and residential 77
7.5. Mainports 81
7.6. Mobility and infrastructure 82
7.7. Water Management 85
7.8. Recreation and green-space 87
7.9. Environmental impacts 91
8. THE PLAN PER AREA 95
8.1. Phase A: Dikes- an opportunity for coastal revitalisation 97
8.2. Phase B: The Great Garuda 99
8.3. Phase C 107
9. TRANSFORMING THE COASTAL ZONE [THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY] 109
9.1. Phasing 111
9.2. Implementation strategy 111
Dr

8 National Capital Integrated Coastal Development Project | Master Plan | Draft 1 April 2014• an offshore solution offers many opportunities for the development of the

coastal zone and to contribute to the socio-economic development of the
National Capital of Indonesia as laid down in the MP3EI plan.
The main goal of the NCICD Master Plan is therefore to offer Jakarta long term
protection against flooding from the sea and rivers in the coastal area, and at the
same time facilitate socio-economic development.
Realising this goal requires an integrated planning approach. This Master Plan is
therefore a Master Plan for both flood protection and for coastal development.
1.3.
From JCDS to Master Plan
This draft Master Plan of the National Capital Integrated Coastal Development
(NCICD) project contains the results of the planning process in the period January
2013 - March 2014.
The NCICD project follows the Jakarta Coastal Defence Strategy project that
resulted in a strategy for flood protection. In the Strategy Consolidation phase of
the NCICD project, assumptions underpinning the Strategic Direction and design
aspects of the Strategic Direction were researched. Conclusions from this addi-
tional research led to an optimised version of the JCDS: the Final Implementation
Model (FIM).
This draft Master Plan was developed on the foundation of the FIM. Further
research into spatial aspects, engineering of solutions, financial and economic
aspects and environmental impacts was done to further substantiate the choices
made in this Master Plan.
The Master Plan is not the final planning stage. After approval, detailed designs
and feasibility studies for components will have to be prepared, either by the
Indonesian government or by private investors. Also funding and contracting
procedures will require additional planning or revision of existing plans. This will
be further elaborated in the final draft Master Plan.
FURTHER READING:
• JCDS reports (2011): Atlas, Agenda, Aturan Main
JCDS Inception
phase
Strategy
Consolidation phase
Options
phase
Design
phase
Atlas
Agenda
Aturan-Main
Inception report
Final Implementation Model
Draft Master Plan
Master Plan
Draft 1 April 2014 | Master Plan | National Capital Integrated Coastal Development Project 15

1.1. 2007: A different flood
The 10 million inhabitants of the Jakarta metropolitan area (Indonesia) are used
to flooding in the rainy season. Sedimentation and waste accumulation, com-
bined with peak river discharges, create occasional floods in the 13 rivers and
canals flowing through the low lying urban delta. Street flooding caused by heavy
rainfall is a more common event, as the city struggles to keep the urban drainage
system in pace with urbanization. However, in November 2007 North Jakarta was
hit by a different flood. A high tide over-topped the sea wall on several locations
and sea water was rushing through the streets creating high waters up to 1,5
metres deep for several days.
This flooding from the sea confirmed what some researchers already had been
warning for: North Jakarta is subsiding at a staggering speed of 7,5 centimetres
per year on average. In some parts subsidence rates even go up to 17 centime-
tres per year. Large parts of the city, including the coastal defences, are subsiding
further and further below sea level.
In 2008 the existing sea wall was reinforced, but due to the subsidence this sea
wall is already at a critically low level. Overtopping at high tide is expected within
the coming years.
1.2.
Main goal
For several years Indonesia and the Netherlands have been working together to
reduce and prevent floods in the National Capital of Indonesia. This collaboration
resulted in the Jakarta Coastal Defence Strategy (JCDS) in 2011. Bilateral coopera-
tion is continued in the National Capital Integrated Coastal Development (NCICD)
project.
The JCDS project and the first phases of the NCICD project concluded that:
• strengthening the existing seawalls and upgrading the drainage pumping
capacity can no longer provide sufficient protection for the long term. Moreo-
ver, space in Jakarta is too limited to create the required large storage basins.
An offshore solution for flood protection has become inevitable to protect the
city against floods from the sea and rivers in the coastal zone.